- 5500 BCE
Oldest faience workshop in Egypt founded at Abydos. - 5000 BCE
Organised farming begins in Egypt. - c. 4000 BCE
Depictions of gods and afterlife on walls ofEgyptian tombs. - c. 3414 BCE - c. 3100 BCE
Xois founded as a city during the 1st Dynasty. - 3200 BCE
Hieroglyphic script developed in Egypt. - 3150 BCE - 2686 BCE
Early Dynastic period in Egypt. First Pharaos. - 3118 BCE
Pharaoh Menes Conquers lower Egyptcreating a unified state of Egypt. - 3100 BCE - 2181 BCE
Xois inscribed on Palermo Stone as an ancient city during the 5th Dynasty. - 2691 BCE - 2625 BCE
Estimated reign of power for Pharaoh Djoser. - 2667 BCE - 2648 BCE
Imhotep in Egypt writes medical texts describing diagnosis and treatment of 200 diseases. - 2630 BCE
First pyramid is built at Saqqara, Egypt. - 2600 BCE
The step pyramid is built by Pharaoh Zoser (Djoser). - 2575 BCE - 2134 BCE
The Old Kingdom in Egypt. - 2528 BCE
The Great Pyramid is constructed by PharaohKhufu (Cheops). - c. 2500 BCE
The Great Sphinx is built at Giza. - 2181 BCE - 2055 BCE
1st Intermediate Period in Egypt. - 2064 BCE - 1986 BCE
Twin Dynasty Wars in Egypt. - 2055 BCE - 1650 BCE
The Middle Kingdom in Egypt. - 1800 BCE
Bronze working introduced to Egypt. - c. 1800 BCE
The Kahun Gynecological Papyrus deals with women's health and contraception. - 1720 BCE
Egypt is conquered by the Hyksos. - 1700 BCE
The Kingdom of Kush is formed to the south ofEgypt. - 1650 BCE - 1550 BCE
Xois serves as capital of the 14th Dynasty. - 1650 BCE - 1550 BCE
2nd Intermediate Period in Egypt. - c. 1550 BCE
Composition of The Book of the Dead in Egypt. - 1550 BCE - 1069 BCE
The New Kingdom of Egypt. - 1504 BCE - 1492 BCE
Egyptian empire reaches greatest extent under Tuthmosis I. - 1500 BCE
Egyptian empire extends to the Euphrates. - 1479 BCE - 1458 BCE
Queen Hatshepsut rules Egypt. - 1479 BCE - 1425 BCE
Reign of Thutmose III in Egypt. - c. 1457 BCE
Battle of Megiddo: Thutmose III of Egypt defeats a coalition of Canaan, Kadesh,Mitanni, and Megiddo led by Durusha, king of Kadesh. - c. 1450 BCE
Kadesh and Megiddo lead a Canaanite alliance against the Egyptian invasion by Thutmose III. - 1390 BCE - 1352 BCE
Reign of Amenhotep III of Egypt. - 1353 BCE - 1336 BCE
The Amarna Period in Egypt. - c. 1303 BCE
Birth of Ramesses II of Egypt. - 1295 BCE - 1294 BCE
The reign of Ramesses I in Egypt. - 1295 BCE - 1188 BCE
The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. - 1294 BCE - 1279 BCE
The reign of Seti I in Egypt. - 1279 BCE - 1212 BCE
Reign of Ramesses II (The Great) in Egypt. - 1274 BCE
Battle of Kadesh between Pharaoh Ramesses II of Egypt and King Muwatalli II of the Hittites. - c. 1264 BCE - c. 1244 BCE
Probable dates for the construction of Abu Simbel. - 1258 BCE
The Treaty of Kadesh between Egyptians andHittites. The world's first peace treaty. - c. 1244 BCE - c. 1224 BCE
Other probable dates for the construction of Abu Simbel. - 1180 BCE
The Sea Peoples begin increased incursions into Egypt. - 1180 BCE - 1178 BCE
Ramesses III of the 20th Dynasty fortifies Xoisagainst the threat of the invading Sea Peoples. - 1178 BCE
Rameses III defends Egypt from the Sea Peoples on the shores at Xois, defeating them completely. - 1069 BCE - 653 BCE
Third Intermediate Period in Egypt. - 750 BCE
Iron working is introduced to Egypt. - 712 BCE - 671 BCE
Egypt is ruled by the Kushite dynasty. - 671 BCE
Egypt is conquered by Assyria. - 671 BCE
Assyrian armies capture Memphis in Egypt. - 667 BCE
Ashurbanipal wages war in Egypt to put down a rebellion. - 664 BCE
Psamtik I becomes Pharoah in Egypt. - 651 BCE
Egypt expels Assyrians. - 601 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon unsuccessfully attempts to invade Egypt. - 525 BCE
Cambyses II of Persia takes the city of Pelusium, conquers Egypt. - 525 BCE - 404 BCE
Persia conquers Egypt. - 520 BCE
Darius of Persia links the Nile and the Red Sea by a canal. - c. 398 BCE - c. 380 BCE
Plato travels in Egypt, Cyrene, Italy, Syracuseand Sicily. - 341 BCE
The Persians complete conquest of Egypt. - 332 BCE
Alexander the Great conquers Syria and turns toward Egypt. - 331 BCE
Alexander the Great founds Alexandria at the port town of Rhakotis in Egypt. - 331 BCE
Egypt is conquered by Alexander the Great without resistance. - 323 BCE
Death of Alexander the Great. - 323 BCE - 282 BCE
Rule of Ptolemy I Soter. - 305 BCE - 285 BCE
Reign of Ptolemy I in Egypt, initiated of the Great Library. - 305 BCE - 30 BCE
Rule of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt. - 300 BCE
Ptolemy I founds the Museum of Alexandria. - 285 BCE - 246 BCE
Reign of Ptolemy II in Egypt, developement of Library at Alexandria. - 277 BCE - 276 BCE
4,000 Celts are employed in Egypt underPtolemy II. - 259 BCE
Celts in Egypt fail to overthrow Ptolemy II and are starved to death on an island. - 247 BCE
The lighthouse at Alexandria (Pharos) is completed. - 217 BCE
14,000 Celts serve under Ptolemy IV in his victory at Raphia over the Seleucid King Antiochos III. - c. 69 BCE - 12 Aug 30 BCE
Life of Cleopatra VII of Egypt. - 47 BCE
Cleopatra VII is sole ruler of Egypt; she presents herself as the goddess Isis. - 32 BCE - 31 BCE
Battle of Actium: Octavian (the later EmperorAugustus) defeats Cleopatra of Egypt. - 30 BCE
Egypt becomes province of the Roman empire. - 30 BCE
Death of Cleopatra VII, end of the Ptolemaic line in Egypt. - 30 BCE - 14 CE
Reign of Augustus Caesar in Rome, restoration of Roman province of Alexandria. - c. 1 CE
First non-stop voyages from Egypt to India. - 30 CE - 476 CE
Egypt remains a province of the Roman Empire. - c. 527 CE - 646 CE
The Byzantine Empire controls Egypt. - 646 CE
The Arab Muslims conquer Egypt under Caliph Umar.